Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Ordinary records. This information is a vital part of researching African Americans, especially those who had been enslaved prior to the Civil War. Census figures that year indicate that more than 591,000 of those residents (56 percent) were white, and nearly 466,000 (44 percent) were Black. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free WebSlave Importation Registers, 1800-1845, and Lists of Slaves: Affidavits of persons bringing slaves into the state, and lists or registers of slaves and slave owners. Census data The final circum-Caribbean slave society was what became the southern United States. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, To check a master surname list for other States researchers should view the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own Ms. SUSAN CARTER (Editor, "Historical Statistics of the United States"): A lot of these datas that are presented in those five volumes, they were collected and presented here because they answer a question that's relevant to American history today. Nor can these maps express anything of the pain of the whip or the escape to freedom, of the exhaustion of labor or the sounds of preaching and shouting at a religious gathering: for that one must read any of scores of excellent histories. Reconstruction Returns of Voters, 1867, RG 1-1-108: Lists voters number; date of registry; name; number and page in Oath Book; race; time of residence in state, county and precinct within a year; nativity by state or county; naturalization (if any); and remarks (if any). But of course the freedmen needed to work in the fields to keep alive, and that meant that the adults, by and large, couldn't attend the schools. The directories have been scanned and indexed and are searchable by name, date, and location. The last U.S. census slave schedules were WebThe data collected are used to calculate the number of seats given to each state in the U.S. House of Representatives. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Most counties have indices to grantor and grantee, also called direct and reverse. Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph]. One of the fundamental problems of history is scale: how can historians move between understanding the past in terms of a single life and in the lives of millions; within a city and at the bounds of continents; over a period of days and over the span of centuries? list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African J., 24 slaves, Harris page 203, THOMAS, Thos K., 27 slaves, Harris page 200, WEBB, Wilson D., 24 slaves, Harris page 197B, WILDER, Rueben, 32 slaves, Franklinton page 183, WILLIAMS, Archd. Slaves were of varying importance in Mesoamerica and on the South American continent. Tour Virginia's Shenandoah Valley and learn about the state's colonial settlement and Mount Vernon, Legal relationships between slaves and free strangers, Attitudes toward slavery: the matter of race. County? Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). For example, the Census did not count any slaves in Vermont, which abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution. As historian Susan Schulten has shown, this particular map was created by a federal government agency from statistics gathered by the Census. By here. States that saw By the time of the next census, in 1870, slavery had been ended. In North Carolina in 1860 there were 311 farms of 1,000 National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, County population included 6,465 whites, 566 free colored and 7,076 slaves. Notice that population in the north both grows in place and spreads westward. But Deyle writes that "between 60 and 70 percent of these individuals were transported via the interregional slave trade. ", 2023 Smithsonian Magazine can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number But what the statistics allow us to do is see how widespread it was. U.S. being reported here with a B added to the number of the preceding page. At the beginning of the 1600s, enslaved people for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade were captured in Senegambia and the Windward Coast. Overseer, 27 slaves, Harris page 179B ends WebThe 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). In 1840, the slave population reached its peak of nearly 59,000 people; by 1860, there were 37,000 enslaved people, Windward Coast: Liberia, Cte d'Ivoire In South Carolina in 1860 there were 482 farms and 1870, so likely that is where many went. Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up And they went back and they literally read every newspaper in a chosen southern state, and said we're going to record every instance of lynchings that are reported in these newspapers, and then they marched state by state by state. What did you find? States that saw significant increases in colored population lots of duplication of plantation names. This website requires a paid subscription for full access. Cotton was not a slave crop in India or in southwest China, where it was grown in bulk We're calling the series A Story Behind the Number. African American slaves were first enumerated in the U.S. Federal Census in 1850 in a separate census called Slave Schedules. lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate FORMAT. WebSlavery was constitutionally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States in 1865, freeing over 4 million slaves. P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? That count fell to zero in the 1870 census, but the actual decline was not sudden. County, South Carolina census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave | READ MORE, Lincoln Mullen is a historian of American religions. Of this number 2,572 (71%) owned 5 or less. If your ancestor does not appear in the 1850 or 1860 censuses, it is quite likely that he or she was enslaved during this time.Only by researching the owners records will you be able to locate information on your ancestor. City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. County were held by a total of 501 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included FORMAT. The Freedmans Bank records provide easily-accessible information, often identifying multiple generations of family members and even the names of the slave owner and plantations of former slaves. Use the now-familiar process to attempt to locate your ancestor by name in the 1860 population schedule. U.S. Coast Survey, Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States (Washington, DC: Henry S. Graham, 1861). increases (from around 10% to 50%): Craven; Edgecombe; Granville, Mecklenberg; New To help show the big patterns of American slavery, I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery. Overseer, 63 slaves, Harris page 194B, NICHOLSON, Lucind F., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 182B, PERRY, A. S. Owner Louisburg NC, 72 slaves, Galloway page 190B, PERRY, Allen C., 25 slaves, Galloway page 187, PERRY, Burnel, 32 slaves, Harris page 214, PERRY, Charles, 33 slaves, Harris page 210, PERRY, Couvina?, 42 slaves, Harris page 218B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 66 slaves, Harris page 206B, PERRY, Dr. Samuel, 37 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 88 slaves, Harris page 204B, PERRY, Joshua?, 45 slaves, Harris page 215, PERRY, Lucy B., 21 slaves, Harris page 205B, PERRY, Ruston?, 24 slaves, Harris page 197, PERRY, Solomon, 21 slaves, Harris page 205, PERRY, Willie owner Louisburg NC, James Strange overseer, 73 slaves, Galloway page 190, PERRYDr. 1880 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 127, page 15, dwelling 123, family 123, Calvin Kelley household; digital images, Ancestry.com, NARA microfilm publication T9, FS Library Film roll 1321. Federal Records U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. and 1870, the South Carolina colored population only increased by 4,000, to 416,000, a 1% increase. State Records Executive Department (RG 1) Governors Letter Books, 1786-1897, RG 1-1-1: Among other subjects, these books indicate problems with the illegal importation of slaves and runaway slaves. Marriage Records: Certificates list the names of the bride and groom, county of marriage, date of marriage, and the name of the official who married the couple. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. And slavery spread because enslaved African Americans were forced to migrate. Slave population in 1860 chart Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_census Slave Population in 1860 Map The transcriber did not notice any such slaves in the course of Digests after about 1930 may not include African-Americans who do not own real property. Story Behind the Number: Literacy and Lynchings significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for This The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data In 1860, the eighth census counted 3,953,760. Who was the first African American to graduate from Harvard? highest in the U.S. in 1860. Even worse, during this period, many African Americanssome using surnames for the very first timechanged their surnames once or even several times. Its not Historical Context: Facts about the Slave Trade and Slavery Estate Records: Includes wills, letters of administration, inventories, annual returns, sales, and guardian bonds. How common was this? used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. Population. Charleston County, South Carolina saw an increase in colored population of about transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions However, the first consideration in accessing records is provenance, that is, the agency or person creating the document.