outgroup Still, he was lucky to have encountered government employees who took the trouble to confer about his situation and, rather than raise a big issue about the problem posed by the difference between his Chinese name and the westernized name he used in the hospital, decided to process his claim. Notably, equal treatment is not the same as equitable treatment. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Public Management Research Association. d. rules and regulations, After conducting his research, Solomon Asch concluded that __________. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]. But merit has received some criticism, as well. C. oligarchy (2019) found that perceptions of more centralization and hierarchy are related to higher perceptions of red tape. Humanizing Bureaucracy: Applying the Human Rights-Based Approach to Psychology - What is Psychology? Over time, merit became the basis for hiring and promotion in the US federal government, solidified further by the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA) of 1978. Sociology Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations Flashcards (MRP =0=0=0 for these bonds. It is distinguished from informal and collegial organizations. a. To meet the instrumental and expressive needs of group members, A major difference between aggregates and social groups is that people in aggregates, share a common purpose but generally do not interact with one another. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes, The tendency for a bureaucracy to be ruled by the few is termed. Notably, and consistent with this view, Webers opening sentence to the essay about bureaucracy (1946, 146)Modern officialdom functions in the following specific mannerindicates description rather than prescription. c. social group d. social group, __________ is the term for compliance in which people follow direct orders from someone in a position of authority. Easy Quiz 2. Future research could consider an outward look at how bureaucracies engage human rights. It may be voluntary or involuntary. However, specialization implies the reduction of an employees knowledge of the overall process and centers power and control in the hands of managers (Weiss 1983, 246). 1968), can thus reduce employees decision-making power. Human rights and human rights language can transfer what is seen as a need or charity to a claim or entitlement, which represents an important perceptional shift. Equity in this context is grounded in distributive justice and strives to create equality of opportunity and to counter suppression or marginalization based on specific characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, or socioeconomic status. c. outgroup Though bureaucracies are designed for efficiency, Weber also worried about the likelihood of such bureaucracies to concentrate power, reduce autonomy, and dehumanize those within it (Maley 2004; Samier 2005; Weiss 1983). While using a HRBA in a public setting has not been the focus of these analyses, it seems safe to assume that similar outcomes would present themselves for bureaucracies. efficiency Chapter 5 Flashcards | Quizlet In addition, organizations can be cognizant about the way that specialization and hierarchy (and thus, centralization of decision making) can reduce employee agency and empowerment. b. In addition, we did not address the element of ones job as a sole occupation (and thus assumed sole source of income): it could be argued that for many, the rate of pay they receive for their work is not enough to maintain a minimum standard of living. The source used here is the Gerth and Mills 1946 translation of Webers Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, originally published in German in 1922. Credit for this phrasing belongs to one of our anonymous reviewers. affiliation Thus, he developed Theory Y management based on Maslows (1943) hierarchy of needs. a. succumbing to group pressure is less common than many people would like to believe a. Without a human-centered approach, scholars and organizations are missing important opportunities to strengthen the fourth pillar of public administration and reaping the benefits of being a human rights-based organization. ingroup Wright Mills d. takes place only in the presence of charismatic leadership, b. c. bureaucracy's invisible quality Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. Search for other works by this author on: PerspectiveThe sociological ambivalence of bureaucracy: From Weber via Gouldner to Marx, Two types of bureaucracy: Enabling and coercive, Human rights: It is your business. c. groupthink Agency by underrepresented groups: A HRBA allows underserved groups to mobilize and claim their entitlements. In some ways, human rights are used as a scaffolding to evaluate processes and institutions and to refocus on justice and equity on the basis of the UDHR (ODI 1999). a. Black or blue: Racial profiling and representative bureaucracy, Merit by any other nameRefraining the civil service first principle. 2019, 238). outgroup A person's class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education, occupation, and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in a mainstream __________ organization.. informal group See answer Advertisement jayilych4real cooperative Shafritz, J. M., E. W. Russell, and C. Borick. within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. d. outgroup, Susan and Mary are middle-aged women who have been neighbors for twenty-five years. __________ size refers to the number of potential members a group has. Bureaucracy is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters. one-quarter d. the power elite, Which of these is an example of a coalition? coercive A sample of 30 single-family houses listed for sale in Silver Spring, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, DC, is selected. Bureaucratic red tape and formalization: Untangling conceptual knots. Thus, equity is the only pillar of the four in which true concern for humans enters public administration. This may limit access to the HRBA principles of empowerment, participation, and access. a. a. The __________ style of leadership would be most effective in this. A HRBA brings structural issues such as inequality, discrimination, and exclusion into focus.