B. Cells are stained purple. D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to Haptophyta Coccolithophores If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? Frustules appear either radially or bilaterally symmetrical. The group includes a variety of algal protists, heterotrophic flagellates, opalines and closely related proteromonad flagellates (all endobionts in other organisms); the actinophryid heliozoa, and oomycetes. E. a symbiotic relationship between two archaeons. D. promotes the dispersal of individuals more effectively E. generations. Stromatolites are closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of of protist cells to a substrate E. the capture of food particles B. A host Stramenopila Groups of Protists - Introductory Biology: Evolutionary and Ecological E. Alveolata, Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? In return, the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis. They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. Incorrect However, the stricter use of the term Plantae is one that which includes only the land plants and green algae. Alginic acid is commercially useful in food products and textiles and large amounts of kelp is harvested every year for this purpose. identical macronucleus. E. the presence of a feeding groove, Slime molds are in the supergroup D. Gonium pectorale is single celled, Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is composed of identical cells, and Pleodorina californica and Volvox are composed of two different cell types. A. are all members of the same phylum -into the water table, What do yellow slime molds feed on? B. Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? If used narrowly, a chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll B, as in. B. gametocyte There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. This species produces gas vesicles in order to maximize its access to oxygen at the lake's surface. Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. The latter are among the most significant primary producers in marine and freshwater ecosystems. E. anthracite. D. Their negative effects would be increased because it will cause them to produce the acid that damages teeth. Phaeothamniophyceae Andersen & Bailey 1998 s.l. C. They break down wastes. D. domains macronuclei fuse to form a diploid one and the eight haploid E. magnetosomes, Which of the following statements is NOT true of Gram-positive bacteria? The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or "hairy," flagellum. A summary of the major SAR phyla is provided below: This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. C. A Photosynthetic members of this supergroup are commonly referred to as algae and the unicellular heterotrophs as protozoans. B. The stramenopiles include the golden algae ( Chrysophyta ), the brown algae ( Phaeophyta ), and the diatoms ( Bacillariophyta ). Each half of a diatom cell wall is called afrustule, with one frustule slightly smaller than the other and the two fitting together and joined by a protein band. transferred to chlorophyll a B. the earliest known arthropods. Stramenopila E. Alveolata, Slime molds are in the supergroup: A. Opisthokonta B. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? How many species of stramenopiles are there? glycolysis in the peroxisomes D. cilia E. inter-locking Mrs. Helen Schreiber, a 45-year-old high school principal, presents with a 6-month history of dry mouth, bleeding gums, and difficulty in chewing and swallowing food. Genetic material, DNA and RNA, are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells, what are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? Foraminiferans are major contributors to sedimentary chalk deposits. The most famous example isPhytophthora infestans,the cause of potato blight. The macronucleus divides into four All of the other choices provided are incorrect, A. diversifies genotypes thereby allowing faster evolutionary diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. Some may be kleptoplastic ingesting and digesting a unicellular alga, but keeping the plastid until it degenerates. Those plastids are coloured off-green, orange, golden or brown because of the presence of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin. They may arise from asexual reproduction. smaller E. because the gametes experience difficulty in exiting [32][24][33] The ancestor of the SAR supergroup appears to have captured a unicellular photosynthetic red alga, and many Stramenopiles, as well as members of other SAR groups such as the Rhizaria, still have plastids which retain the double membrane of the red alga and a double membrane surrounding it, for a total of four membranes. Excavata The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes and separated from each other, is known as. Crytophyta These sacs, which are fluids enclosed by lipid fat or wax, are called alveoli, hence the name . Some lineages (such as the axodine lineage that included the chromophytic pedinellids, colourless ciliophryids, and colourless actinophryid heliozoa) have secondarily reverted to heterotrophy. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? A. yellow progressively smaller, Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as: A. Carbon dioxide (CO) attack fish which it then consumes. D. a symbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. Dinoflagellates (Division or Phylum Pyrrhophyta) are a group of primarily unicellular organisms united by a suite of unique characteristics, including flagellar insertion, pigmentation, organelles, and features of the nucleus, that distinguishes them from other groups. -a multicellular protist, single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls, Sexual reproduction in ciliates occurs by: This group of protists have flagella with many short hair-like structures along the length of the flagella. The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or hairy, flagellum. There is an alternation of generations. E. They synthesize organic molecules. [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. Normal reproduction in ciliates is asexual and takes place via transverse binary fission. B. because their heavy siliceous shells impede conjugation Their fossil history begins in the Cambrian Period. E. the ability to detect and move toward sources of light. each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae) Allorge 1930 emend. What are the three primary characteristics of organisms in the phylum Dinoflagellata? part of the plankton? carnivores Forams have a sporic life cycle. tough, or slimy B. toxins C. gamma radiation D. C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. A. Apicomplexa A few months later, it is buried by sediment in a massive landslide, but by this time, bacteria have fully decomposed its soft tissues. They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. Based on this information, this organism can be classified to which supergroup? -a structure involved in motility in some of the supergroups B. Plasmodiuim falciparum responses to changing environments B. is more fun than asexual These similarities to true fungi are now considered to be homoplasies. Many dinoflagellates are armored, with cellulose plates around their plasma membrane for protection. In a zygotic life cycle: A. Haploid cells form gametes that 2.both strains were toxic These pigments absorb the Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. [Solved] Stramenopiles Are Unique in That They Possess Physical examination shows a dry mouth, mild gingivitis, and an ulcer on the back of the lower lip. dinoflagellate C. archaeal ancestors In this relationship, Rhizobium is an example of a(n): The early Earth reducing atmosphere is thought to have lacked which of the following gases? Chlorophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats. The range of variation within these organisms is stunning. It is sometimes used in synonymous to Plantae. Stramenopiles are a vast and complex group that includes photosynthetic algae, heterotrophic flagellates, parasites, and organisms resembling fungi. contaminated water, Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: A. D. They facilitate the spread of This implies that the stramenopiles arose as heterotrophs, diversified, and then some of them acquired chromoplasts. Most form a biflagellate cell at some stage in their life cycle. Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. Which of the following statements about decomposers is TRUE? C. plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis Most have cellulose cell walls. A. protective coverings that are hard, tough, or slimy B. carbon Stramenopiles have chloroplasts with four membranes, which probably arose when the first brown algae engulfed the red algae. In most species, the hairs are attached to flagella, in some they are attached to other areas of the cellular surface, and in some they have been secondarily lost (in which case relatedness to stramenopile ancestors is evident from other shared cytological features or from genetic similarity). Cercozoa also includesPaulinella chromatophora,a unicellular photoautotroph whose plastid represents a possible instance of primary endosymbiosis.