which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning, it reinforces a behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed. The next morning, Miguel is thrilled because he has slept better than ever before. In operant conditioning ____ refers to rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior, . Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2012. Franzoi S. Psychology: A Discovery Experience. Carol gives her dog, Spike, a chew stick each time Spike gets the ball back at her command. requires some relatively permanent change to occur. A) Classical conditioning involves turning a conditioned stimulus into an unconditioned stimulus. Journal of reading, 27(1), 44-47. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is accurate? According to operant conditioning principles, Bubba is demonstrating that he can. ), a3/5an=1a2a^{3 / 5} a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^2} In this scenario, Miguels response to the vitamin can be attributed to. Fred's parents are very inconsistent. In Pavlovs classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ___ before conditioning and the ____ after conditioning had occurred. Josh is operating on a ________ schedule. Also, chocolate (CS) which was eaten before a person was sick with a virus (UCS) now produces a response of nausea (CR). A(n) _____ is a mental representation of spatial locations and directions. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is accurate? O stimulus discrimination 10. Carol is using a ________ schedule to train her dog to sit on command. Such praise is an example of: secondary reinforcement and positive reinforcement. a. Depression and anxiety are more common in men than in women. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Miranda patiently watches. The type of reinforcer used can also have an impact on the response. _____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly, whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented. Thus, the conditioned stimulus acts as a type of signal or cue for the unconditioned stimulus. Several hours later he got very nauseous and spent most of the night being physically sick. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. She suffers from PTSD. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus: Learning reflects _____. According to Banduras model of observational learning, what are the four primary processes involved in observational learning? In ________ conditioning, organisms learn the association between two stimuli. Psychology as the behaviorist Views It. Marks dog, Gus, sits whenever he says, "Sit." Following this increase, the brain tries to lower the dopamine back to a normal level. Since Tyler went off to college, the emails have basically stopped. During the winter months, Alfred receives a static shock each time he touches his car door when exiting his vehicle. This phenomenon is called: O habituation. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of punishment? uncomfortable. receiving any food, the dog stops salivating. As a result, the problematic behavior decreases. Identify a True Statement About Classical Conditioning. She never knows how many houses she will have to visit before she sells all of her cookies. Accordingly, a person has no control over the reactions they have learned from classical conditioning, such as a phobia. Which statement about classical conditioning isaccurate?TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR 11TH EDITION SUE a. the conditioned stimulus would come to evoke the salivation response. _____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly, whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented. As part of a behavior modification program, Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day. However, his owner, Paul, does not want Bubba to eat "people" food. _____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. McSweeney, FK & Murphy, ES. Which statement about classical conditioning is - Course Hero The parent was spanked as a child and his or her child also needs strong discipline. South-Western CENGAGE Learning. Sneezing in response to pepper John is taking an agent that causes nausea every time he smokes a cigarette. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is accurate? Spontaneous Recovery is a phenomenon of Pavlovian conditioning that refers to the return of a conditioned response (in a weaker form) after a period of time following extinction. _____ is the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus. In this scenario, Liams behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning, In operant conditioning, negative reinforcement, has hardly anything to do with "good" and "bad" behavior. Boris is trying to use classical conditioning to teach his goldfish to come to the top of the tank to eat whenever he turns on the aquarium light. c. However, it is limiting to describe behavior solely in terms of either nature or nurture, and attempts to do this underestimate the complexity of human behavior. There is no convincing evidence for operant or classical conditioning in adult humans. Tyler's grandmother used to receive emails from him every day, so she would check her in-box regularly. positive punishment/negative punishment, Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys. In his famous experiment,Ivan Pavlovnoticed dogs began to salivate in response to a tone after the sound had repeatedly been paired with presenting food. Psy 105 Chapter 6 Quizzes Abc Flashcards | Chegg.com Imagine that a trainer is trying to teach a dog to fetch a ball. Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished. One of the simplest ways to remember the differences between classical and operant conditioning is to focus on whether the behavior is involuntary or voluntary. _____ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology. Even behavior therapy, one of the apparently more successful applications of conditioning principles to human behavior, has given way to cognitivebehavior therapy (Mackintosh, 1995). As a result, she no longer checks her in-box on a daily basis. The neutral stimulus can be anything, as long as it does not. Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies spontaneous recovery? Since Tyler went off to college, the emails have basically stopped. After a relapse, though, her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car. The behaviorist approach has been used in the treatment of phobias, and systematic desensitization. It is a form of respondent behavior. He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. He then changes the rules. The food is the naturally occurring stimulus. Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction? Journal of experimental psychology, 3(1), 1. For operant conditioning to work, the subject must first display a behavior that can then be either rewarded or punished. She loves the music it plays and as a result, she plays only that channel whenever she wants to listen to music. Classical Conditioning: How It Works + Potential Benefits In Pavlov's study, the UCS was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____; and, finally, the CS was _____. In Pavlovs study, the unconditioned stimulus was food. Pavlov's dog salivated each time food was presented. The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus. Implications of learning theory for developing programs to decrease overeating. The mother removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. Chapter 6 Quiz A Flashcards | Chegg.com Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer? _____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus. As a result, a psychologist might administer a brief electric shock to such a child every time she bangs her head on the wall. In some cases, conditioning may take place if the NS occurs after the UCS (backward conditioning), but this normally disappears quite quickly.