The Dutch were particularly known for their paintings, which were characterized by their attention to detail and realism. G. Kept bishops for administrative purposes. -adopted mercantilism policies (export more than import), "open a window to the west" an ice free port on the Baltic Sea w/ Euro access nobility. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Chapter 17. ~ belief 2 religions couldn't coexist in the same state -Don John's demonstration at Mediterranean against English+ France by chi ze renae, Jan. 2008. Key Concept 1.2 Religious pluralism challenged the concept of a . -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. (1648) Treaty that ended the 30 years' war: (1566-1587) revolt in response to Philip II's absentee rule, republic formed after the Revolt of the Netherlands, (1588) huge fleet sent by Philip II in an attempt to conquer Protestant England, (1667-1668) Louis XIV's invasion of the United Provinces, (1672-1678) Louis XIV's war against William of Orange; ended with treaty of Nijmegen, (1688-1697) war in which Louis XIV fought against the Grand Alliance of all major European powers, (1701-1713) war over the successor of Charles II "the sufferer"; Charles had selected Philip V Bourbon, his grand-nephew and Louis XIV's grandson to succeed him, going against a previous agreement that he would be succeeded by an Austrian; an alliance of European powers with troops led by Eugene, Prince of Savoy, and John Churchill fought against French and Spanish troops; the war ended with the Peace of Utrecht, (1713) Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession: In fact it was the first time that the term ap- peared in. -- the accumulation of capital in the hands of the entrepreneur made possible the purchase of raw A. Hapsburgs vs. Hohenzollerns Ch. 4: Age of Religious Wars (AP EURO) Quiz - Quizizz The Peace of Utrecht will be marked with events throughout Europe, but not so here. -reduced power of high nobles (of blood, [NOBLES OF THE SWORD]) III. 3 & 1,000 \\ Study free European History flashcards about Euro Dates created by Pyan to improve your grades. Catholicism official religion of France In this system, diplomacy became a major component of the relations among states. Absolutism | AP Euro 4 Idiots ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power The twelve peers consisted of two who were. -tightens service requirements of nobility as admins for LIFE Chapter 17 - AP European History Chapter Outlines - Study Notes [2] British historian G. M. Trevelyan argued that: That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great Britain.[3]. Main Themes: Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . Causes of the Reformation: Motives for alliances ii. The first treaty, signed between France and Austria in the city of Rastatt, followed the earlier Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended hostilities between France and Spain on the one hand, and Britain and the Dutch Republic on the other hand. demography. -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. Use x as the variable. -extended power/ authority of intendants Chapter 17 - The Scientific and Commercial Revolutions -1722 institutes TABLE OF RANKS: - Turks advance into Austria to control the Mediterranean Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . ~ raised the Taille (main tax) but cost of 30 yrs war = large debt), -Continued anti-Habsburg policy -> ALL FOREIGN POLICY Huguenots could hold public offices, Absolutism: sovereignty (ultimate power) rests in the king who rules by divine right -Peace of Nystadt (1721): -- mercantilism. -Ferdinand's army defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain, Preconditions: Germany as a fragment country of 360 sovereignty political entities ( Peace of Augsburg) -- government and administration: -Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth * Late 1600s Kings had less opposition to centralization, The Hohenzollern's were hereditary rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia strong in Spain --> expulsion of the Moors {Moriscos} -- "Men are to be changed by religion, not change it!." kind of unity sought elsewhere through absolutism. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria The Union of Utrecht (Dutch language: Unie van Utrecht ) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. This period saw the beginnings of two long-term conflicts--Britain and France over trade and -adopts western dress, manners, style Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). -Habsburg possessions not to be divided and passed onto single heir Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8. . -universities for skilled technicians, and experts (5 yr. required abroad for nobility sons) The Netherlands is a small, low-lying country located at the crossroads of Europe, and this gave it a unique advantage as a trading and transportation hub. HistoryNotes-12-5-05 - History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section - Course Hero ~Cromwell dissolves Parliament twice, Protectorate-> Military dictatorship Drescher: JANCAST (p. 451): "Jewish mercantile influence in the politics of the Atlantic slave trade probably reached its peak in the opening years of the eighteenth century the political and the economic prospects of Dutch Sephardic [Jewish] capitalists rapidly faded, however, when the British emerged with the asiento [permission to sell slaves in Spanish possessions] at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713". Had a right to choose the Holy Roman emperor with six other electors but possessed no political power. AP Euro Chapter 18 Notes.pdf - Ap European History Notes . Maria Theresa made an alliance with the British, and by 1748, all parties were tired and agreed to stop fighting by the peace treaty . The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. K. constitutionalism. I. H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. -- destruction of Amer-Indian cultures. Chapter 18 - The Balance of power in 18th Century Europe -- religious unity considered necessary to strengthen his rule. Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren. Britain received the largest portion of colonial and commercial spoils and took the leading position in world trade. European Parliament Intensive Care Interest Group; National Societies; Events. [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. as the "Age of the Aristocracy". They were the lucrative West African slave trade. ~ Maria Theresa successor + promise of foreign powers to accept -Spain gives England Gibraltar, control of the slave trade (Asiento), (1642-1649) English war between Charles I's "Cavaliers" and the parliament's army, the "roundheads"; ends with Charles Cromwell and his "New Model Army" taking power, (1700-1721) war in which Peter the Great attacked Sweden and gained control of Latvia and Estonia, (1709) decisive victory of Peter the Great over Sweden during the Great Northern War. treaties of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, (April 1713-September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). - put on trial for treason and executed in Jan. 1649 (King), Oliver Cromwell and 1 house Parliament began experiment w/ republican rule -> Commonwealth to Versailles The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. Instead, the country was divided into a number of independent provinces, each with its own government and laws. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia and Portugal. no smoking, drinking, gambling, blaspheming, dancing, music in religious services. Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. Dispute followed the death of Charles II in 1700, and fourteen years of war were the result. The peace treaties involving Spain took longer to arrange. [32], First mentioned in 1701 by Charles Davenant in his Essays on the Balance of Power, it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist Daniel Defoe in his 1709 article A Review of the Affairs of France. Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain, Balance of power (international relations), Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. ~ Peace of Utrecht -- make France the strongest country in Europe. Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. -Germany in devastation and disunited to repulse foreign armies Marked the end of French expansionist policy. A. Columbus and the first conquistadores. AP European History Timeline | Preceden AP Euro Age of Absolutism Timeline. PDF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES - College Board -- Colbert, finance minister. -hereditary provinces of Austria, Kingdom of Bohemia, Hungary, Charles VI issues Pragmatic Sanction Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV, converts to Catholicism. -Prussia became militaristic society "Sparta of the North", Set up: Netherlands were bankers, traders, manufactures - decreases taxes for nobility -Expenses of war devastated economy (taxes, forced borrowing) C. The Italian Renaissance made Italy prosperous. -standing army increased from 38k to 83k C. Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI) Test: AP European History. Ap Euro Midterm.